Where do most of the posttranslational modifications take place?

a Endoplasmic reticulum b Extracellular matrix c Golgi Apparatus d Mitochondria e Nucleus

Most posttranslational modifications (PTMs), such as glycosylation, phosphorylation, and sulfation, occur in the Golgi apparatus. The Golgi modifies proteins and lipids that have been synthesized in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and prepares them for transport to their final destinations. Some PTMs, like N-linked glycosylation and disulfide bond formation, do occur in the ER, but many modifications are completed in the Golgi. Extracellular matrix is where proteins function or assemble rather than undergo modifications. Some protein processing occurs in mitochondria (e.g., cleavage of signal peptides) but PTMs are rare. PTMs like phosphorylation and acetylation can happen in the nucleus, especially on histones, but the majority of PTMs still occur in the Golgi apparatus.

Cell Biology

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